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Outflow: when you leave the city at 27, the temporary leases expire

Do many foreigners leave again? And how fast?

Especially middle-income families who are leaving?

Keep lower incomes? Grounded City by Van Engelen: for the proper functioning of the city it is necessary that teachers, tram drivers, nurses, home help, cleaners, agents and other service providers can live in the city.

Economic position of wealthy entrants

Where do they work, what is their position within the company, what do they earn, what kind of contracts do they have

In other words: are they the bosses of the new economy (tech, fintech, lawyers, e-commerce, etc) or are they the highest paid employees of those companies. In Marxist terms: the workers elite; highly privileged, but just as dependent on the sale of their labor as any other worker. Or is it the top managers who, in addition to a high income plus bonuses, also own large share packages and are, for example, the new owning class for Piketty.

Is not only important for their economic position, but perhaps also for their social position, their involvement in / commitment to the social fabric that Amsterdam is.

Figures available?

Collect figures yourself through research? Questionnaire for some large international companies?  (Bol.com, Booking.com, TomTom, Google Amsterdam, WeWork, EMA, major US law firms, Adyen, ea)

Wealthy entrants into the housing market

On the one hand, the wealthy entrants (“expats”) form a minority among the foreign influx, on the other hand (Proposition: ) it is because of their influx that house prices in Amsterdam have risen so quickly. Due to the tax advantages that this group has and their high incomes, they have driven up house prices.

But how big is that effect?

Can this be substantiated numerically?

How many houses have been sold to wealthy foreigners since 2015 (houses over 5 tons?)

Are those houses registered in the land registry and can you see that they come from abroad?

Land registry figures, IOS figures

Was that 70% of the homes sold in 2018?

Land Registry figures?, at large estate agents? At Expat agency Municipality of Amsterdam?

Do they take out a mortgage for the purchase?

Land Registry figures

(a large part of sold houses has been bought without a mortgage, ie entirely with their own money; but this would mainly concern investors for "buy to let")

Do they then take out a mortgage with a foreign bank?

Land Registry figures

The research questions

By address, nationality, age, income and household composition

Hypotheses

Wealthy newcomers buy houses within the Ring

Wealthy newcomers are 70% foreigners

Are between 30 and 40 years old

Majority are 2 person households

Have or will have children

Poor newcomers come to student complexes and temporary shelter and shared housing outside the ring

Poor newcomers are 50% foreigners

Are between 20 and 30 years old

No children

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2. What kind of social network do the new Amsterdammers have/maintain/build up

From numbers to life:

What does it mean when 40% of the population is newly added in five years' time?

2015-2020: 370,000 new residents out of a population of over 860,000

And an almost as large part has left.

Similar to the urban exodus between 1965 and 1985, during which the population declined by an average of 10,000 people per year for 20 years; an outcome of roughly 30,000 leavers and 20,000 newcomers every year.

Was that shocking, was that a major drain on the character of the city, did that change the city quickly and strongly?

Population growth has resumed since 1985, with a net growth of 10,000 inhabitants per year already being achieved in the 2000s. Not with 70,000 in and 65,000 out but with 30,000 in and 20,000 out; so much less intense than now.

But after 2015, it is not only in numbers that it suddenly seems to explode, but also because of who the entrants are: for the first time these are – in the image at least – rich foreigners . That's new, until now we only had the influx of poor foreigners; the guest workers and migrants from non-western countries

Or new?: Jews from Portugal and Spain and Antwerp in the Amsterdam of the Golden Age were also rich; the Jews from Germany in the 1920s and 1930s were partly rich.

The city as a social fabric

City life; urban life

Anonymous, city air makes free, tolerant, open, mixing of all kinds of people, diversity, creativity, night, experiment, innovation, clash, danger, conflict, loneliness, crime, drugs, sin, Sodom and Gomorrah, ghettos, gentrification, strangers, gold, wealth, poverty, cosmopolitans, elite,

Gentrification destroys the existing social fabric of a city (writes  ao Massih Hutak in his Parool columns); but new social fabric is also taking its place; or not, or much less, very different anyway.

The aim of the study : to gain clarity about what kind of new social fabric is being created by the new settlers in Amsterdam.

what is growing? Premise: the new settlers create a new social fabric, however thin, poor, thin or bad.

Always in motion, never in balance, because much too dynamic,

What then is urban life/city life, social life in the city? , now?

“There is no such thing as social”, Margaret Thatcher

“The disintegration of the social” Test Dept on Disturbance (album 2018)

The city is made by people, not only in the sense of building houses, designing neighbourhoods, running businesses, and creating facilities, but also in the way its inhabitants interact with each other, the contacts and relationships that those inhabitants have with each other. engage in, the small talk they have with each other, the fun they have, parties they organize, sports they engage in, songs they sing, children they play with,  

With the loss of industrial society and the welfare state, the rise of digitization and globalization, social cohesion in many western countries has been seriously affected (according to Robert Putnam in Bowling Alone (2000) and …..

The social capital, which is contained in social relations, has thus also been seriously eroded (?).

Note (1) about Human Capital

This means that many things that were previously arranged through social contacts, from childcare to helping the sick, from running a sports club to starting a business, now have to be arranged in a different way: through the government, the bank, social enterprises, insurance or hiring professionals.

In addition, the emergence of private support (e.g. for start-up capital; patron, charity, charity, etc. New forms such as crowd funding, mutual support, apps, network organizations, city villages, etc.

Because of these new forms you can also say that social capital has not so much been eroded, but has changed in character.

Why social capital is indispensable for a city

(discussion about the concepts of Social Capital and Human Capital in Chapter 3 Background or Chapter 4 Sources)

The social fabric of a city , the whole of social networks and relationships, can only be maintained, kept alive, renewed, changed, adapted, strengthened by the inhabitants themselves.

The mutual social contacts : fleeting to strong

Social : primarily of a social nature, i.e. the personal contact as a person, as a citizen, as a family member,

Contacts based on affection, co-humanity, sympathy, mutual aid,

Social cohesion : the degree of social cohesion: strong or weak, in the sense of contacts, relationships, meeting, interaction.

Social contacts : Spontaneous once; non-binding multiple times; informal - structural, in a network, association, council, committee, working group, and the whole series of (mixed) forms, in terms of intensity, character, form and content.

households,

Neighbors

Streets, Squares, Neighbourhoods, Boroughs, City

Intercourse; the warmth of the city, meeting, fellow humanity, friendliness; Dear City of Vd Laan

support, help,

Conflict, calamity, collision

Party,  joy,

Sport

Children

Education

Culture

Religion

Cars, bicycles, and other devices

tinker, repair,

green

public space

recreation

transport

stores

businesses

work

all  types of experiment and new initiatives

Together  this forms the social life / social fabric of the city: people do it themselves, outside the primacy of the Government / State and the Market.

​

​

Rooting in the city, don't root, uproot

Newcomers to the city settle somewhere, socialize and provide some kind of income / livelihood. The longer they are there, the experiences and encounters in the city will usually increase and deepen, become closer; one is rooted in the city.

People would no longer take root in the current modern city: it is not possible because of the temporality of living and working, the hectic pace, rapid and enormous changes / dynamics, and people do not want to because it stands in the way of an (international) career and broader development.

The city as a hotel…

The city as an airport……

Join the anonymous city, where everyone can experience their individual freedom to the fullest,

A liveable and pleasant city requires connections / relationships between people, getting to know each other

Item when making the Environmental Vision 2040 that is now being made by the municipality of Amsterdam.

The groups

What are they looking for in Amsterdam, what do they do in Amsterdam, why do they come here, what does Amsterdam mean to them, what kind of social connections do they want to establish, what do they want to participate in, what do they want to experience in Amsterdam

1st package questions.

Expats

And what do the “ expats ” (how rich are they; do they temporarily work for a large international company or do they have an ordinary employment contract, etc.) who buy a house in a 19th century neighbourhood? What social relationships do they enter into?

Is buying a sign that they want to stay here for a longer period of time? Or is it a good investment and they don't plan to stay here long at all?

Do they have children and will they be on the parent council of the school? Where do they go for sports, drinking beer, birthday, national and religious festivals, theater, singing, playground, park, church, etc.

Migrant workers

Foreign students

What do foreign students who settle in Amsterdam for a few years do in the city, besides studying and possibly working? They continue to live within their educational institution, only interacting with their fellow students, in their own sports facilities, their own cafes, film clubs and other social, cultural and entertainment venues associated with the institution.

But student life is also part of urban life; to what extent do they put time into this; do they (co-)create this; what kind of social network do they make?

Do they invest in the city; do they enter into relationships; do they spend time in social connections that are important to the city (= the other residents of the city, including students)?

Is the fact that they have only been in Amsterdam for a few years a reason to enter into fewer connections, relationships with people and networks / initiatives in the city?

Can't they take root in the city because they are only here temporarily?

The city as a transitional home, from which you benefit but do not invest in, do not form a bond with, let alone feel a sense of responsibility.

Or do you invest a lot in the city, because you are only there for a short time and want to fully immerse yourself in it, get to know it by actively participating. Not to take root, but to get the most out of it and contribute to it.

Refugees - status holders

Private reasons; marriage, family reunification, etc

​

​

Dutch students

Also temporary, but are there more and different social connections?

Other Dutch establishments

Only items around new urban life

> The city citizen versus the global citizen? 

Residents of a city can also build/have a social network, which is largely outside the city and the urban life of that city.

This will certainly be the case in a Global City like Amsterdam, with all the possibilities of the digital society.

If that is the case, these newcomers do not build a social network in the city and therefore do not contribute to the urban life of Amsterdam. Hollowing out Amsterdam's urban life in this way (???)

See Rural Center Construction / Movement / LSA

Community society of Herman Wijffels and other socially religious and socially liberal thinkers

commons

Self organization / self management /   

> The social city

Marxists like Lefebre and Harvey see the space of the city (and the city itself – jd) as a social product that should be in the hands of those who use and 'produce' it. “The freedom to make and remake our cities and ourselves (..) is one of the most precious yet most neglected of our human rights” David Harvey quoted from The Just City, p. 23

By 'producing' Marxists will first of all mean material and economic production. In this research I take the social 'production' of the city as a point of departure: the city as a whole of social relations, as a product of those relations which thereby makes its inhabitants urban dwellers.

The economic city

The economic primary: Everything determined by the laws of the market: supply and demand, cost price, invoice, etc. The social does not exist (free according to Thatcher)

From the economic arise all kinds of social life / social fabric; vice versa: all kinds of economic initiatives arise from social life.

financial city

Movie Push

The political city

The political primary: Everything determined by the board – controlled: policy, choices, subsidies, etc.

All kinds of social and economic initiatives arise from the political and vice versa: from the economic and social sphere political initiatives arise

inequality in the city

leads to segregation in all areas: separate living, working separately, separate education, separate sports, going out separately, apart

Multicultural city, but only in urban figures; in everyday practice everyone lives in his or her own monoculture; only meets people of the same culture, opinions, skin color, like-minded people. 

Amsterdam is now, since 2014/2015, more than ever a multicultural city, due to the enormous influx of people from other countries, with different cultures?????

Monoculture, because only decent people.

Exclusive city

Richard Florida outlines in The New Urban Crisis (  ) how successful cities in the US are only accessible to the high-earning (creative) class that drives the lower middle incomes out of the city. (quoted from The Just City, p. 31)

​

Amsterdam as arrival city

Amsterdam open and hospitable!?!?

National policy: discussion about stricter immigration policy.

It is difficult for people from outside to really become part of the city, integrated into the economic and social structures, networks.

“You still remain Turk, Moroccan, French or Irish, even if you have been here for 40 years or if your grandfather came to the Netherlands”. Also for Tukkers, Limbos and Brabos??

“your contribution to the city is not seen, not recognized”

“you don't really belong”

Do newcomers really want to take root in the city?

Conservative Muslims and others form their own closed community in the city

The English, Americans, Swedes, French, etc. form their own groups and clubs, do not learn Dutch, leave after a few years

Does that also apply to the wealthy foreigners who are now entering the city? Buying houses.

Does that also apply to the poor foreigners (students, artists, etc.) who are now entering the city?

​

Amsterdam as departure city

Not part of this research, but important, both in figures and for the consequences for the social fabric and urban life

Amsterdam as a transit city

Not part of this research, but important, both in figures and for the consequences for the social fabric and urban life

The research questions

Why do people come to Amsterdam

Do you want to stay here?

Want to take root / build social life?

What kind of social life do you have now?

Hypotheses

The outcome of the research questions

Conclusions regarding influx of newcomers and the social fabric of Amsterdam

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3. Processing / thinking through figures and insights from 1. And 2.

Amsterdam, city of coming and going. Transit City

Always huge inflow and outflow

Dynamics of an internationally successful city

Open city: everyone can try it, get a chance. If it fails, you are not going to earn a lot / do not get further than a middle income, then you have to leave (with a temporary housing contract) or you leave for a better – bigger house (families). In both cases more or less forced departure. Or is it not seen that way; people are positive about the opportunity offered and move on happily. The city as a selection machine, as a success sieve

Is the departure from the city part of the city as an emancipation machine ?? What kind of emancipation took place then? Repression or emancipation?

And the wealthy newcomers: do they want to stay or do they see Amsterdam as a temporary location. They will soon leave “voluntarily”. And what kind of emancipation would they in  have “gained” the city  

Gentrification: winners and losers

The fight against gentrification, Fair City, Inura and the poor results

Repression continues at an accelerated pace; who can continue to live in the city; why “everyone is welcome” which in practice means the right of the fittest (and the lucky one).

Why not actively steer towards what kind of city we want; what kind of businesses, what kind of residents,

Huge growth in inequality

government practice of favoring big money and homeowners (from abolishing ground lease to freezing and moderating the property tax), building the most expensive residential blocks for the global elite, selling social rental housing and then the great emphasis in all government stories on inclusiveness, diversity and  equality.

The increase in temporary contracts for living and working;

temporary (campus) contracts have always been available for students, but now there are 7 temporary contracts for housing and, according to the BPW, in 2018 even 50% of the new leases of housing associations were with temporary contracts.

A great way to get into the city, despite the extremely high prices on the housing market. But what next: who can still get a home in Amsterdam: only the most successful. The rest must have to leave.  

According to the municipal subsidy conditions, renting a studio in an art factory must also be temporary. After 5 years (run-off 10 years), the artist has to leave a cheap place; being able to pay a market rent and thus make way for the next young, talented person who can try it.

nuts

(1) Begrip Human Capital, in the book Amsterdam Human Capital (UAP 2003) in which the spatial development of the city is described in relation to a mishmash of themes (of center functions, transport, & mobility,  green areas,  facilities and homelessness, voting behaviour, identity and migrant entrepreneurship) without clarifying the concept of Human Capital, let alone making it a meaningful concept that can be used.

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4. Resources  - Inspiration - Literature – etc

Arnold Reijndorp

- Urban District, Urban Planning and Daily Life – NAI 2004

- City people; lifestyle and housing ambitions of urban middle groups – 2006

- New West; Park City or City District – 2016

- The New City - 2019

Geert Mak

A Short History of Amsterdam - 1995;

  in particular about influx into Amsterdam in earlier times

The Good City – 2007

Andrej Holm

Wir bleiben alle – Munster 2013

Reclaim Berlin – Berlin 2014

Russsel Shorto – Amsterdam History of the most liberal city in the world - 2013

Leo Platvoet – Maarten van Poelgeest – Amsterdam as an emancipation machine Amsterdam 2005

Doug Sanders – Arrival City – London 2010

Richard Florida

– The Rise of the Creative Class – New York 2002

- The New Urban Crisis – New York 2017

Simon Franke and Wouter Veldhuis – Just City – essay 2019

Annemarie Kok - Binding enough, the city and the secret of pleasant living together

- essay 2017

EU brochure - Housing Financialization,

Movie Push

Blog / videos of L

​

5. Dystopia 1: Hotel Amsterdam

The city of Amsterdam as a hotel.

Long Stay and Short Stay

Hotels are increasingly playing a role as meeting places, places where you can do sports, immerse yourself in the hot tube or the rooftop pool, go out and party, work and go to (cultural) performances, and visit exhibitions.

Flexible workplaces in Volkshotel, but also in the most expensive and exclusive hotels, such as W hotel, the Dylan (research Boukje), Soho hotel (for members) 

Annual hotel night; annual 24 H in the boroughs,

Hotels thus take over a number of functions that “formerly” had a place in the city as independent functions.

USA: Hotels are the place where bands perform, people have their wedding party, etc.

Meeting place, going out, eating, working, cultural offerings, weddings and parties,

Hotels hire a community organizer or community officer (Student Hotel  Amsterdam Wibautstraat; Airbnb in some Asian cities) to stimulate and facilitate the social life of hotel guests, both among themselves and with the environment

“Hotels ensure social cohesion, (…) also offer space to Amsterdammers”, and “(…) hotels with restaurants, bars, sky lounges where Amsterdammers like to come,” said chairman of the Horeca Nederland department of Amsterdam, Pim Evers in Het Parool from 20-1. -20.

Hotel guest as ultimate consumer; pays for everything and does not need anything, can completely relax. No obligations. Falls into a deep hole, especially with long stay annex Student Hotel packages. At some point you also want to do something, besides your studies or  work. Although: Work can provide a whole social life?

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6. Dystopia 2: Amsterdam Airport

The city of Amsterdam as an airport

Short Stay

​

7.  my person

Jaap Draaisma

drs. Ing, J. Draaisma – Wormerveer 1955

Training ao

HTS Road and Hydraulic Engineering (1972-1976) and Human Geography / Planning UvA (1978 – 1985).

Final thesis: “Amsterdam City, what are you imagining?” 1985. About city marketing. Edition of 500 with a review by Geert Mak in De Groene of 26-2-86

Active  oa

1985 – 1992 SIKH – ASW (now !Woon)

1992 – 2000 Stadsdeel Amsterdam Noord, ao head of Building and Housing, head of Large Cities Policy and Head of Spatial and Economic Policy Department

Self-employed since 2000

2000 – 2002 Partner at The Change

2001 – 2006 involved in Landelijk Centrum Opbouwwerk (LCO – predecessor Movisie): including preliminary WMO (preliminary research, working groups, publications), coaching community workers and writer “Opbouwwerk 2006 – 2010”  - The Hague 2005

2006 – 2018 Urban Resort – Director / Developer

2018 – 2020 advisor projects and municipalities in the field of culture - creative economy and real estate

Articles ao 

International Journal of Urban and Regional Research – The Squatter movement in Amsterdam – 1983

Multitudes – April 2010 - Les squat aux Pays Bas depuis 1945 

Series of articles with Geert Mak about squatting, city marketing and others in De Groene 1982 – 1985

Series of articles about hotels in Amsterdam in Het Parool 1985 – 1990

Series of articles in Amsterdam Alternative, 2015 to present

Chapter in the following books:

Whose Urban Renaissance? Libby Porter & Kate Shaw - Routledge London 2009

EU@Amsterdam – Essays on the European City – Virginie Mamadouh ea AUP 2016

Urban Europe – Fifty Tales of the City – English version – AUP – 2017

Contribution to book The Spontaneous City – Urhahn Urban Design – Amsterdam 2010

Contribution to book Whose city is it – Floor Milikowski – Amsterdam 2018

Member ARS – Amsterdam Council for Urban Development  from 2002 – 2010

Member real estate committee of the Amsterdam Art Council

Involved in Amsterdam Alternative . magazine

Co-founder of, among others, Vereniging Vrije Ruimte, Urban Resort, Lola, Fair City,

Board member of a number of free spaces and breeding grounds in Amsterdam and the region